Benjamin Netanyahu has ordered the army to prepare for a “very extensive” operation in the occupied West Bank after two Israeli soldiers and two Palestinians were killed in an exchange of fire near a checkpoint in Hebron.

The Israeli military said it had thwarted a “terror attack” by two armed Palestinians from Hebron, amid heightened tensions before next week’s election.

According to the Israel Defense Forces, the two Palestinians allegedly opened fire on soldiers at a temporary checkpoint outside Hebron after failing to reach a nearby highway, where the Israeli military believes they had intended to attack civilians. According to a preliminary military investigation, the ensuing gunfight lasted more than 20 minutes, leaving five Israelis wounded, two of whom later succumbed to their injuries.

An AFP photographer who was en route to another assignment and witnessed the gun battle saw two Palestinian men armed with a handgun and an automatic rifle exchanging fire with Israeli forces.

Netanyahu’s office later said it had instructed security forces to immediately cordon off Hebron and prepare for a full closure of the West Bank starting on Friday.

After the shooting, the Israeli prime minister held an emergency meeting of his security cabinet and officials from top military and security agencies. He said Hamas was “planning a major attack aimed at murdering innocent civilians”.

He added: “Our brave soldiers thwarted this attack with courage and determination,” but did not elaborate on what the planned attack entailed.

During a visit to Hebron after the attack, Netanyahu later said Israeli forces would enter the neighbourhood of the attackers and displace its residents. He said the military would apply a model previously used in refugee camps in the northern West Bank.

A large-scale military operation named the “Iron Wall” launched in January 2025, forcibly displaced tens of thousands of people across several refugee camps, according to the UN rights office.

“We will evacuate the residents, we will go from house to house, we will also seize the weapons there, and all the terrorist infrastructure will be dealt with and destroyed,” Netanyahu said, according to his office.

Closures of the West Bank are becoming more common. Friday’s lockdown was the fourth time in the past month that Israel had imposed restrictions across the territory, shutting gates and checkpoints connecting Palestinian villages to major roads, which will remain open to Israeli drivers, including settlers, who can still travel through the area.

Bezalel Smotrich, the far-right Israeli finance minister who also holds a position within the defence ministry, called for a military campaign in the West Bank “exactly like in Gaza”.

He said: “There is no other option but a comprehensive military campaign to dismantle the Palestinian Authority, collect weapons and eliminate terrorists. Exactly like in Gaza and Lebanon.”

Smotrich added: “In the next government this will be one of the first measures that we must demand and apply.”

Human rights groups warned that Netanyahu and his government could use the attack on Israeli soldiers to justify tougher measures against Palestinians and bolster their security credentials before the election.

“Every day in the West Bank is a dramatic day for the Palestinians,” Yariv Oppenheimer, the former director of Peace Now told Al Jazeera. “The Israeli army is getting into the Palestinian cities, the settlers are attacking Palestinians, and the situation is impossible.

“There will be house demolitions. We will see [a] curfew. We will see more soldiers … making arrests, and definitely we might see the settlers trying to target Palestinians in revenge for this attack, and trying to take advantage of this situation in order to escalate the situation even more.”

Voters go to the polls on Tuesday in an election that will help to determine whether Netanyahu secures another term as prime minister. The vote comes three years after the Hamas-led attacks on Israel that triggered the war in Gaza.

Israeli settlers are increasingly taking over Palestinian properties, and authorities have stepped up demolitions of homes lacking building permits, displacing families.

The campaign has intensified since the war in Gaza started in October 2023 amid accelerating land seizures and settlement expansion across the occupied West Bank. More than 1,100 Palestinians have been killed there by Israeli forces or settlers, whose violence has surged during the annual olive harvest.

On 16 October settlers attacked Palestinian villages, burning cars and trees and injuring a Washington Post photographer. The next day they attacked European diplomats, a French mayor and Palestinian olive pickers, injuring three people and damaging a diplomatic vehicle.